If there's anything we learned researching gender equality it's that there's no one-size-fits-all solution (much like our shirts). We decided our contribution to the conversation over gender equality needed to reflect that diversity, and so we designed several different shirts with different sizes, colors, and slogans and asked friends and strangers to take pictures wearing them. Their photos show the many faces of gender equality today.
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The United Nations has the responsibility to ensure that all its actions promote and protect gender equality and women’s empowerment. United Nations efforts to help establish the rule of law for all on the basis of equality are essential to this end. Advancing gender equality and empowering women are widely recognized as ends in themselves as well as means to achieve the United Nations goals of sustainable peace and security, human rights protection, and sustainable economic and social development. United Nations knows that gender discrimination is a common civil rights violation.
Muller v. Oregon (1908): While this Supreme Court case outcome was not exactly successful for women’s rights, it was a landmark case in the history of gender equality. Unanimously, the Supreme Court upheld an Oregon state law limiting women to working no more than ten hours a day (which was not the case for men). This ruling was negative in that it expressed an opinion of inequality between men and women. Claiming that the ruling was set in place to "protect" women, this result only upheld the patriarchal ideal that women are the lesser sex. However, Muller v. Oregon did ignite some positive consequences, beginning a widespread public discussion of women’s rights and gender equality.
Wal-Mart v. Dukes (2103): When the U.S. Supreme Court issued its 5-4 decision in Wal-Mart v. Dukes in June 2011, no one needed a Richter scale to know it was a Big One. In throwing out a mammoth lawsuit by women employees who claimed that they’d been systematically underpaid and under promoted by the world’s biggest corporation, the ruling upended decades of employment discrimination law and raised serious barriers to future large-scale discrimination cases of every kind. ![]() First off, Gender variance, or gender nonconformity, is behavior or gender expression by an individual that does not match masculine and feminine gender norms. People who exhibit gender variance may be called gender variant, gender non-conforming, gender diverse or gender atypical,[1] and may be transgender, or otherwise variant in their gender expression. Pronouns like "he" or "she" often don't fit well for many gender nonconforming people because they reflect a rigid, binary system that doesn't adequately describe who they are. That's why it's important to use the pronouns that a person has requested in order to respect their identity. Although gender nonconformity often corresponds with non-normative sexuality, it's important to recognize the difference between sexuality and gender. They are distinct. For example, someone who identifies as a man could present to others in conventionally feminine ways and be attracted to women. Many gender nonconforming people don't readily identify as a "man" or a "woman" in the first place, and even for those who do, this is a matter of the person's gender identity, not their sexual orientation. Who they're attracted to is a separate conversation. To better describe this to people, I asked a close friend of mine who does not conform to a gender to explain it to me. This is what I gathered: Imagine a color spectrum and picture the binary genders as each end of the spectrum. There's an arrow that indicates your gender identity. So for those that are cisgender, the arrow is always hovering on their end of the spectrum. But for nonbinary people, their experiences, their expression, their self, and their situation pushes the arrow and it makes it move to different parts of the spectrum. It's not like one day a person can wake up and feels like a girl. For most people, that's not how it works because you're ignoring the fact that there is so much more in between. There are some genderfluid people that do identify as binary genders sometimes which is why they pick the pronouns "she/them" for example. It is always a combination. Some people also ask about the difference between being gender neutral and being agender. --Gender neutral people would lie right in the middle of the color spectrum mentioned earlier. Agender people are not in that linear spectrum. Genderqueer people have a few arrows and take a bit of every gender they like. You cannot assume that the entire non binary community experiences the same thing based on an account of one individual however. Rasna Ekra Sexual Assault on College Campuses About 27% females have accepted that they had experienced some type of sexual assault on their college campus. Most abuses are not reported because the victims felt ashamed or they thought they would not be taken seriously.
Article on Recent Research What is Title IX? Title IX is a comprehensive federal law that prohibits discrimination on the basis of sex in any federally funded education program or activity. What Title IX says about Sexual Assault? Your school must have an established procedure for handling complaints of sex discrimination, sexual harassment or sexual violence. Every school must have a Title IX Coordinator who manages complaints. The Coordinator’s contact information should be publicly accessible on the school’s website. If you decide to file a complaint, your school must promptly investigate it regardless of whether you report to the police (though a police investigation may very briefly delay the school’s investigation if law enforcement is gathering evidence). A school may not wait for the conclusion of a criminal proceeding and should conclude its own investigation within a semester’s time (the 2011 Office for Civil Rights Title IX guidance proposes 60 days as an appropriate time-frame). The school should use a “preponderance of the evidence” standard to determine the outcome of a complaint, meaning discipline should result if it is more likely than not that discrimination, harassment and/or violence occurred. The final decision should be provided to you and the accused in writing. Both of you have the right to appeal the decision. Your school must take immediate action to ensure a victim can continue their education free of ongoing sex discrimination, sexual harassment or sexual violence. Along with issuing a no contact directive to the accused, a schools must ensure that any reasonable changes to your housing, class or sports schedule, campus job, or extracurricular activity and clubs are made to ensure you can continue your education free from ongoing sex discrimination, sexual harassment or sexual violence. These arrangements can occur before a formal complaint, investigation, hearing, or final decision is made regarding your complaint. It also can continue after the entire process since you have a right to an education free of sex-based discrimination, harassment or violence. Additionally, these accommodations should not overburden complainant-victims or limit your educational opportunities; instead, schools can require the accused to likewise change some school activities or classes to ensure there is not ongoing hostile educational environment. Office of Civil Rights Investigation The Department's Office of Civil Rights says it tries to resolve complaints that schools violated Title IX, the federal law that bans educational discrimination on the basis of gender, within 180 days. In 2014, however, the OCR took an average of 1,469 days, the length of a typical undergraduate career, to resolve sexual violence investigations. The number of campus sexual violence complaints the OCR received grew by more than 1,000 percent in five years. More than 100 schools are on an ever-growing list of institutions under investigation for failing to meet Title IX standards for sexual assault investigations. Because of the investigations, schools on the list are stuck with the stigma of a government investigation, unable to be cleared or implement recommendations for improvement in a timely way. The delays also make individual cases harder to investigate, as memories of alleged incidents fade and students implicated in cases graduate and move away. Abortion LawsRasna Ekra
Abortion Laws (Planned Parenthood) Abortion has been a topic of heated discussion in this presidential election. Where most of the democratic candidates defend Planned Parenthood, the republicans want to defund the program. This raises a big question on women’s rights, do they have the right to decide for their body and health? Most republican candidates wants to make abortion illegal unless it is the matter of life or death for a woman. Well, what about the women that is raped and gets pregnant, will the law still force her to give birth to a child? The important question is would she be in a mental state for motherhood? If a woman is not ready to be a mother, would it be a fair to her child? If Planned Parenthood is defund, people will go to private clinics to have abortion, which will cost the government more money through the medical insurance than if they invest in planned parenthood. Influence of Religious Beliefs Some Republican candidates have put their faith front and center like Ben Carson, Mike Huckabee and Rick Santorum all speak about how their religion has shaped their character and their choice to run for president. Other Republican candidates speak less personally about their religious practice, but still prominently include on their websites religion-linked issues such as restrictions on abortion; cutting funding for Planned Parenthood; and allowing businesses and individuals to opt out of providing services for abortion, contraception or gay marriage. Jeb Bush, Donald Trump and Chris Christie have no religion-related positions listed prominently on the issues sections of their websites, but they also support the banishment of planned parenthood. According to Berniesanders.com: Women earn 78 cents for every dollar a man earns. African American women earn 64 cents for every dollar a white male earns, while the figure for Hispanic women is just 54 cents. Bernie Sanders "We are not going back to the days when women had to risk their lives to end an unwanted pregnancy. The decision about abortion must remain a decision for the woman and her doctor to make, not the government." Bernie Sanders advocates for the female reproductive rights to life. He believes that a female should have the right to discuss with their doctor the termination of a pregnancy. Also, as president Sanders will only nominate Supreme Court justices who support Roe vs. Wade as the law of the land. Bernie will grant females full control over their bodies and the decisions they decide to make with it.
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May 2016
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